CONCEPTS LIBRARY

Every concept, explained.49 articles

Mental-maths lessons from everyday basics through Olympiad theory - each with the method, worked examples, the mistakes to avoid, and free adaptive practice.

Basics

Adding Numbers to 10

Learn how to add numbers to 10 with the count-on method, worked examples, common mistakes to avoid, and practice for Gra

Basics

Number Bonds to 10: the Pairs That Make Ten

Learn every pair of numbers that make 10, with a simple count-up method, worked examples, and the three slips that trip

Basics

Ordering Numbers to 20

Learn to order numbers to 20 from smallest to greatest, name neighbours, and fill gaps — with worked examples, tricky te

Basics

Subtraction Within 10: Count Back

Learn subtraction within 10 the easy way: count back for small take-aways, count up when numbers are close. Worked examp

Olympiad

Indices (Powers): Rules and Examples

Master the laws of indices: product, quotient, power-of-a-power, zero and negative index rules, with worked examples, cl

Olympiad

Multi-Step Percentage Problems

Master multi-step percentage problems: successive changes, layered bases and reverse percentages, using the multiplier m

Olympiad

Number Sequences: Finding the Rule

Learn to find the nth-term rule of linear and quadratic number sequences using first and second differences — with worke

Olympiad

Two-Step Algebra Equations

Solve two-step algebra equations by undoing operations in reverse order. Grade 10 worked examples, sign-trap fixes, and

Basics

Adding Within 100

Learn to add two-digit numbers within 100: line up ones and tens, add each column, and carry a ten the moment the ones r

Basics

Counting Money: Coins and Notes

Count coins and notes, add money amounts, and dodge the classic dollars-and-cents mix-ups. Grade 2 money denominations w

Basics

Doubles: Adding a Number to Itself

Learn to double numbers in grade 2 — add a number to itself, double two-digit numbers with carrying, dodge common mistak

Basics

Skip Counting by 2s, 5s and 10s

Learn to skip count by 2s, 5s and 10s with clear steps, worked examples, and a ones-digit trick to check every answer. G

Basics

Subtraction Within 100

Learn two-digit subtraction within 100, including when and how to borrow a ten. Clear steps, worked examples, and the mi

School

Addition With Regrouping (Carrying)

Learn addition with regrouping (carrying) for grade 3: step-by-step method, worked examples, and the common carry mistak

School

Division Facts: Sharing and Grouping

Learn grade 3 division facts the fast way: read each one as a backwards times table, spot fact families, and dodge the o

School

Subtraction With Regrouping (Borrowing)

Learn subtraction with regrouping (borrowing) for grade 3: when to regroup, how to borrow across zeros, worked examples,

School

Times Tables Made Easy: the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 tables

Learn the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 times tables the mental-maths way — the pattern behind each one, worked examples, the mistak

School

Division Tables to 12

Divide by 12 with confidence. Learn the split-the-12 trick, the past-100 facts (108, 120, 132, 144), worked examples, an

School

Factors and Multiples Explained

Factors divide a number exactly; multiples are its times-table. Learn to find every factor using pairs and dodge four co

School

Multiplying by 10, 100 and 1000

Learn to multiply by 10, 100 and 1000 by shifting digits, not just adding zeros. Grade 4 method, worked examples, common

School

Times Tables to 12

Master the times tables to 12, including the tricky 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 tables, with a split-and-add method, worked ex

School

Division With Remainders

Learn division with remainders for Grade 5: find the quotient, work out the leftover, and check the remainder is smaller

School

Long Multiplication (Multi-Digit)

Learn long multiplication for multi-digit numbers: the shifting-zero trick, four worked examples, and the four slips tha

School

Order of Operations: the Basics

Learn order of operations for Grade 5: brackets, then × and ÷, then + and −. Clear steps, worked examples, and the mista

School

Rounding Numbers to the Nearest 10, 100, 1000

Learn to round whole numbers to the nearest 10, 100 and 1000 with a simple one-digit rule, worked examples, and the tric

School

The Mean: How to Find an Average

Learn how to find the mean (average): add the values, divide by how many there are, and check your answer. Grade 5 worke

School

The Unitary Method: the Value of One

Master the Grade 5 unitary method: divide to find the value of one, then multiply to scale up. Worked examples, common m

School

Equivalent Fractions: How to Find and Simplify Them

Learn how to find equivalent fractions and simplify to lowest terms using the GCF, with grade-6 worked examples, tricky

School

How to Add Decimals: Line Up the Point

Learn to add decimals the reliable way: line up the decimal point, pad with placeholder zeros, carry, and check by round

School

How to Add Fractions: Like and Unlike Denominators

Add fractions with like and unlike denominators the right way: find a common denominator, add the numerators, simplify.

School

Ratios Explained: Sharing in a Given Ratio

Learn to share an amount in a given ratio: add the parts, find one part, then scale up. Worked examples, common mistakes

School

Speed, Distance and Time Made Simple

Learn speed = distance ÷ time and its two rearrangements, with grade-6 worked examples, unit-conversion tricks, and the

School

How to Find a Percentage of a Number

Find any percentage of a number fast with 10% and 1% building blocks. Master reverse percentages and percent-of-a-percen

School

How to Multiply Decimals

Learn to multiply decimals the reliable way: multiply the digits, then count decimal places. Worked examples, percentage

School

How to Multiply Fractions

Learn to multiply fractions: go straight across, cancel first, turn percentages into fractions, and use one sanity check

School

Introduction to Integers (Negative Numbers)

Master integers and negative numbers for Grade 7: subtracting negatives, ordering negatives, and MMO-style word problems

School

Profit and Loss: Cost, Selling Price, Percent

Learn grade-7 profit and loss: cost price, selling price, and why profit percent is always calculated on the cost price.

School

Simple Interest Explained

Learn simple interest for grade 7: the SI = PRT/100 formula, converting time to years, amount vs interest, worked exampl

School

BODMAS: the Order of Operations

Master BODMAS for Grade 8: precedence over left-to-right reading, powers and brackets, plus discount, sales tax and perc

School

Discounts and Marked Price

Grade 8 guide to discounts and marked price: find the selling price, reverse-calculate the marked price, and see why 20%

School

Integer Operations: Negatives

Master integer operations for Grade 8: double-negative and sign-precedence traps, BODMAS with negatives, and discount, t

School

Percentage Increase and Decrease

Master percentage increase and decrease with the multiplier method: compound changes, discounts, VAT, reversing a change

School

Proportion: Scaling Quantities

Master direct vs inverse proportion for Grade 8: scale ratios and products the right way, and apply discounts, sales tax

School

Sales Tax Calculations

Master Grade 8 tax and sales tax calculations: added vs inclusive tax, discount-then-sales tax, and finding the rate — w

Olympiad

Compound Interest Explained

Learn compound interest the grade-9 way: apply the (1+r) growth factor each year, tell amount from interest, and dodge t

Olympiad

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

Learn to evaluate algebraic expressions: substitute values, apply BODMAS, and beat the -3² vs (-3)² sign trap with worke

Olympiad

HCF and LCM Explained

Master HCF and LCM: prime factorisation, the HCF x LCM product law, and how to pick the right one in word problems (buse

Olympiad

Multi-Step Word Problems

Master multi-step word problems: find the hidden step, order operations correctly, and avoid the tempting shortcuts on i

Olympiad

Solving Linear Equations

Solve linear equations step by step: clear fractions, collect terms, isolate x. See why the sign flips when a term cross